Dairy farms have expanded steadily since the 1970s and now compete for economic strength with beef cattle operations.

Calf prices, too, are hanging in strong, with beef-cross calves hitting new highs of $1,200/head. For Holstein heifer calves, ...

Holstein, known for their iconic black-and ... and when they stop producing enough milk, they are sold for beef. Cows eat side by side in a line, with their heads poking through a metal fence.